Flowering plant diversity and endemism in India: An Overview

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One of the grand tasks of current taxonomy is to prepare a checklist of plants of the globe. This work is largely based on collecting information from regional floras and databases. Till this date, the progress is relatively slow, as the number of common names, synonyms, poorly resolved aggregates is high. For this purpose regional flora, checklists and databases with reliable taxonomy and complete coverage of critically examined data are required. The majority of novelties come from the tropics; but certain areas remain poorly explored as well, and numerous species in these areas still await recognition. In the present work, the studied area is Vidyabharati Mahavidyalaya campus which is situated in the prime location of the Amravati city. Amravati is a district in the state of Maharashtra with its district headquarters situated at 20˚55ˊ33̎ N and 77˚45ˊ53̎ E. The district is situated at 343m (1,125ft.) asl. The present study deals with the floristic diversity of campus in the former sense, i.e., the number of individual species in the area. The present paper attempts to highlight the diversity of vast plant resources of the campus in a conservation perspective. A total of 91 species of flowering plants are documented in which 43 were herbs, 25 shrubs, and 24 angiospermic trees distributed in 22, 13, and 12 families respectively.

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Plant Science Today

The floristic composition of the Dibrugarh District of Assam has remained unexplored and the present study on Angiosperms addresses this fact. A total of 462 species of flowering plants belonging to 334 genera under 106 families recorded as per the APG IV system of classification and 116 families were recorded according to Bentham and Hooker system. 39% of native species were included in superorder Superrosids, 29% from superorder Superasterids, 18% from superorder Monocots and 7% from superorder Magnoliids. The orders with the highest number of native species were Lamiales (35), Malpighiales (29), Rosales (26), Gentianales (23), Sapindales (18), Fagales (19), Alismatales (17), Poales (14), Zingiberales (13) and Laurales (11) which accounted for 60.8% of the species. A total of 129 non-native or invasive species were represented in 12 superorders. Habit analysis showed that herbs were represented by the highest proportion followed by trees, shrubs and climbers. Twenty species are li.

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International Journal of Biological Research and Development

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Indian journal of Plant Science

The present study was aimed at determining the vascular plant species of Sree Ramu College of Arts and Science, N.M. Sungam, Pollachi during February 2022 to July 2022. A total of 361 flowering plants belonging to 83 families and 278 genera were recorded. Among the 83 families, Leguminosae contributed the maximum (40 species) followed by Poaceae (35) and Acanthaceae (24). Herbaceous are the most predominant comparing to other life forms in the campus. This study provides baseline information for species diversity and also status of native and non-native species of the campus flora.

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Endemic plants represent a small but important part of the flora of Gujarat; still they have not been assessed for their status till date. The present estimate is first of its kind that encompasses all Indian endemics found in Gujarat state that is based on literature review and field surveys. The present findings revealed documentation of 192 Indian endemics, with dicotyledons dominating the endemic flora with 137 taxa (71%) belonging to 97 genera under 33 families, whereas monocotyledons represented by 55 taxa (29%) belonging to 37 genera under 9 families. There are seven species which are exclusively endemic to Gujarat state that are Helichrysum cutchicum, Ischaemum sayajiraoi, Rorippa cochlearioides, Solanum purpureilineatum, Spodiopogon aristatus, Tamarix kutchensis and Tephrosia jamnagarensis. Top five families contribute 57% of the total Indian endemics reported from Gujarat; Fabaceae has the largest number (31), which is followed by Poaceae (27), Acanthaceae (20), Asteraceae (12) and Orchidaceae (10). An analysis of the life-form types shows that endemic herbs (66%) dominate the study area, followed by shrubs (12%), trees (11%), climbers (6%), undershrubs (3%) and climbing shrubs (2%). Analysis on the district-wise distribution of Indian endemics shows that the Dangs has maximum number of Indian endemics with 115 taxa, followed by Valsad (104), Narmada (71), Junagadh (63) and Panchmahal (57). In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that endemics are mostly concerted in southern Gujarat region; they are primarily herbaceous; while some of them are known with just a few additional collections.

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ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY AND BIODIVERSITY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS

The Himalayas form a graceful and vast abode of floristic and faunal elements and also represent diverse human cultures spreading through its length and breadth. Eastern Himalayas, a biodiversity hotspot is not only a home to the world’s highest mountains but is also amongst the highest diversity rich areas of the world. The easternmost part of the Indian Himalayas harbors many special vegetation types, depending upon altitudinal and climatological stratification. Arunachal Pradesh is one of the richest states in the region in terms of biodiversity, owing to its unique geographical position and altitudinal gradients. The article ventures preliminary account of flowering plant diversity of Nagula wetland complex of Arunachal Pradesh, which has more than 100 alpine freshwater lakes fed by melting snow. The altitude ranges from 3,500–4,500 meters above mean sea level. The study recorded a total of 106 species, falling under 68 genera and 32 families. Asteraceae is the most dominant family followed by Orobanchaceae, Gentianaceae, etc. If the area’s natural vegetation is conserved without any disturbance that will maintain not only the pristine beauty but also the rich and original biological elements of the area. A high proportion of angiosperms of this area can be adopted for ornamental gardens, and some others can be tested for their medicinal properties.

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